UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA
REGIÓN DE MURCIA
CONSEJERÍA DE EDUCACIÓN Y CULTURA
UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE CARTAGENA
PRUEBAS DE ACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD PARA ALUMNOS DE
BACHILLERATO LOGSE (PLAN 2002)
Junio 2007
INGLÉS. CÓDIGO 54
Spain changes sizes in clothes for women
Spain’s biggest fashion retailers (1) have agreed to re-size their clothing in order to better
reflect the real sizes of women and reduce pressure on them to conform (2) to an extremely thin image. Health Minister Elena Salgado has announced that the National Consumer Institute will measure 8,500 women between 12 and 70 years of age with the aim of “defining standard patterns and normalising sizes”, according to an agreement between fashion houses and the ministry.
Companies such as Zara, El Corte Ingles, Mango and Cortefiel are behind the agreement,
which intends to make fashion sizes “truthful, homogeneous and comprehensible (3)”. Mannequins in shop windows will now be at least a European size 38, while size 46 will no longer be considered extra-size. Labels will include not just the overall (4) size, but information on hip and shoulder as well.
The government hopes that by selling more realistic sizes, it will discourage (5) women from
trying to conform to such a thin ideal as is usually presented on fashion catwalks*. “If everything goes well, as we expect, then of course we will continue with a resizing for men”, Salgado told reporters.
__________________
* catwalk: a narrow pathway over the stage of a theatre
PREGUNTAS (NO RESPONDAN EN ESTA HOJA)
READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. BE CAREFUL TO FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTION FOR EACH QUESTION
1. Link each of the words or expressions listed below with one word or expression in the column (as numbered in the text) [1 mark]. Please copy the correct pair of words on your answer sheet, e.g. ‘retailer and ...’
clear - manufacturer - general - prevent - adjust
retailer (1) and …
conform (2) and …
comprehensible (3) and …
overall (4) and …
discourage (5) and …
2. Reading comprehension
2.1. Choose the best option [0.75 marks]. Please copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet.
- A committee will be appointed to decide on the issue of sizing
- The new sizing will be based on the statistical analysis of population
- Fashion houses alone will decide on the new sizing
- The new sizes will depend on the results of a national opinion poll
2.2. Choose the best option [0.75 marks]. Please copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet.
- One result of the agreement is that mannequins will no longer be exhibited in shop windows
- The agreement will imply a radical change in fashion designs
- One consequence of the agreement is that customers will find more information on labels
- The agreement means that small sizes will disappear
3. Complete the sentences using information from the text [2 marks]. It is important that phrases from the text are not reproduced literally, unless this is unavoidable.
a) If the agreement is successful …
b) Information on hip and shoulder sizes …
c) Minister Elena Salgado said that male …
d) The agreement …
4. Complete with one or more adequate words [1.5 marks]. Do not copy the complete text on your sheet, only the letter – (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) – followed by the word or words that you find suitable for the gap. It is important that phrases from the text are not reproduced literally.
In order to help control weight-related disorders …… (a) anorexia, Spain has also …… (b) models below a certain weight from Madrid catwalks. In fact, 30% of the women …… (c) appeared at the Cibeles fashion show in Madrid last year were rejected because they …… (d) adjust to new rules demanding that models present a healthy image: that is they must weigh at least 56 kilos if their ……(e) is 1.75. These figures are approximately what the World Health Organization …… (f) to be the minimum healthy weight.
5. The text informs about an agreement between the Spanish Ministry of Health and some Fashion houses. Can you summarize the basic aims and terms of the agreement? (25-50 words) [2 marks] You are expected to draw information from the text, but please use your own words.
6. In your opinion, is there a direct connection between the world of fashion and weight-related disorders (anorexia, bulimia, etc.)? (25-50 words) [2 marks]. Express your own ideas by using your own words.
sábado, 20 de marzo de 2010
lunes, 15 de marzo de 2010
DEBATE STRUCTURE
Debate Structure
Resolution: the main argument – always stated in the positive
Affirmative: argues the resolution – tries to prove it correct
Negative: argues against the resolution – tries to prove it incorrect
Constructive Phase: each side will have 2 chances to construct their arguments
Cross-examination: each side will have a chance to question the other side after each constructive argument has been made
Rebuttal Phase: each side will have 2 chances to rebut the statements made by the other side and clear up any confusion surrounding their own arguments
Debate Timeline
Phase:
Time Allowance:
Affirmative Constructive #1
2 min.
Cross Examination
1 min.
Negative Constructive #1
2 min.
Cross Examination
1 min.
Affirmative Constructive #2
2 min.
Cross Examination
1 min.
Negative Constructive #2
2 min.
Cross Examination
1 min.
Team Conference:
Structure Rebuttal Arguments
3 min.
Negative Rebuttal #1
2 min.
Affirmative Rebuttal #1
2 min.
Negative Rebuttal #2
2 min.
Affirmative Rebuttal #2
2 min.
Notes on the Basics of Debate
These notes are a quick overview of the basic parts of a debate. I will be explaining them in detail at the workshop in January but these should get you started.
The Structure of Debates
All debates have a resolution, two sides and a team on each side.
Resolution:
Every debate has a resolution. A resolution is a question or statement that has two sides. It is what the debate is going to be about. A resolution needs to be two-sided to make a good debate.
“Should school be mandatory?” is a good resolution because it has two sides.
“Murder is bad,” is a bad resolution because we all know that murder is bad.
Sides:
Every debate has two sides. One side, called the “yes” (affirmative) team, is in favour of the resolution. In other words, they answer the question with a “yes” and try to convince everyone to do the same. The other side, called the “no” (negative) team, answers the question with a “no”.
In debating you don't get to pick a side and you often have to argue both sides at different times. This means that you have to practice seeing things from different angles.
Teams:
Each side has a team that is made up of two or three people. These people work together to win the argument for their side. They share points and ideas. When they give speeches, they say things that support their partner.
How You Convince People
In a debate you use speeches to tell your audience about reasons and examples that support your side.
Speeches:
The way you convince people in a debate is by giving a speech. When it is your turn to speak, you are the only one allowed to speak. Everyone else has to listen to you.
When it is someone else's turn to speak you can't say anything, you have to write down anything that you might want to say and wait your turn to say it (or get your partner to say it if they are going next).
Reasons:
When you give a speech, you present reasons (arguments) for why the audience should agree with you. Generally you want to think in terms of the word "because". You want to say things like "You should agree with me because..." and then give the reason. When you are responding to your opponents you want to attack their reasons.
Examples:
Examples are facts or ideas that you can use to illustrate and back up your reasons. They aren't reasons on their own but they help make reasons more convincing.
The Main Skills
The three most important skills in debating are (in order of importance):
1) The ability to listen.
This is because debating is about listening to and responding to you opponents.
2) Analysing what you hear.
This is because you need to be able to understand and find mistakes and flaws in your opponents' speeches.
3) The ability to speak in front of people.
This is the most obvious skill - if you can't talk in front of people, you can't convince them. But it is also the third most important skill. There are lots of people who are very good at speaking in front of people but who aren't good at debating.
Everyone Else
There are more people involved in debates than just the debaters. Moderators and timekeepers run the round and the audience and judges listen to you and decide which side to support.
Moderators and Timekeepers:
The moderator is in charge of the debate. He or she tells people when it is their turn to speak and makes sure that everything runs smoothly. Some debates have time limits. In those debates, a timekeeper will keep track of time. The moderator and timekeeper are always impartial.
Judges and Audience:The judges and audience are the people that you are trying to convince. The only difference between them is that, in a competition, the judges mark your performance and decide who wins.
Resolution: the main argument – always stated in the positive
Affirmative: argues the resolution – tries to prove it correct
Negative: argues against the resolution – tries to prove it incorrect
Constructive Phase: each side will have 2 chances to construct their arguments
Cross-examination: each side will have a chance to question the other side after each constructive argument has been made
Rebuttal Phase: each side will have 2 chances to rebut the statements made by the other side and clear up any confusion surrounding their own arguments
Debate Timeline
Phase:
Time Allowance:
Affirmative Constructive #1
2 min.
Cross Examination
1 min.
Negative Constructive #1
2 min.
Cross Examination
1 min.
Affirmative Constructive #2
2 min.
Cross Examination
1 min.
Negative Constructive #2
2 min.
Cross Examination
1 min.
Team Conference:
Structure Rebuttal Arguments
3 min.
Negative Rebuttal #1
2 min.
Affirmative Rebuttal #1
2 min.
Negative Rebuttal #2
2 min.
Affirmative Rebuttal #2
2 min.
Notes on the Basics of Debate
These notes are a quick overview of the basic parts of a debate. I will be explaining them in detail at the workshop in January but these should get you started.
The Structure of Debates
All debates have a resolution, two sides and a team on each side.
Resolution:
Every debate has a resolution. A resolution is a question or statement that has two sides. It is what the debate is going to be about. A resolution needs to be two-sided to make a good debate.
“Should school be mandatory?” is a good resolution because it has two sides.
“Murder is bad,” is a bad resolution because we all know that murder is bad.
Sides:
Every debate has two sides. One side, called the “yes” (affirmative) team, is in favour of the resolution. In other words, they answer the question with a “yes” and try to convince everyone to do the same. The other side, called the “no” (negative) team, answers the question with a “no”.
In debating you don't get to pick a side and you often have to argue both sides at different times. This means that you have to practice seeing things from different angles.
Teams:
Each side has a team that is made up of two or three people. These people work together to win the argument for their side. They share points and ideas. When they give speeches, they say things that support their partner.
How You Convince People
In a debate you use speeches to tell your audience about reasons and examples that support your side.
Speeches:
The way you convince people in a debate is by giving a speech. When it is your turn to speak, you are the only one allowed to speak. Everyone else has to listen to you.
When it is someone else's turn to speak you can't say anything, you have to write down anything that you might want to say and wait your turn to say it (or get your partner to say it if they are going next).
Reasons:
When you give a speech, you present reasons (arguments) for why the audience should agree with you. Generally you want to think in terms of the word "because". You want to say things like "You should agree with me because..." and then give the reason. When you are responding to your opponents you want to attack their reasons.
Examples:
Examples are facts or ideas that you can use to illustrate and back up your reasons. They aren't reasons on their own but they help make reasons more convincing.
The Main Skills
The three most important skills in debating are (in order of importance):
1) The ability to listen.
This is because debating is about listening to and responding to you opponents.
2) Analysing what you hear.
This is because you need to be able to understand and find mistakes and flaws in your opponents' speeches.
3) The ability to speak in front of people.
This is the most obvious skill - if you can't talk in front of people, you can't convince them. But it is also the third most important skill. There are lots of people who are very good at speaking in front of people but who aren't good at debating.
Everyone Else
There are more people involved in debates than just the debaters. Moderators and timekeepers run the round and the audience and judges listen to you and decide which side to support.
Moderators and Timekeepers:
The moderator is in charge of the debate. He or she tells people when it is their turn to speak and makes sure that everything runs smoothly. Some debates have time limits. In those debates, a timekeeper will keep track of time. The moderator and timekeeper are always impartial.
Judges and Audience:The judges and audience are the people that you are trying to convince. The only difference between them is that, in a competition, the judges mark your performance and decide who wins.
domingo, 14 de marzo de 2010
Entrance University exam, June 2008
15th March
BACHILLERATO LOGSE
Junio 2008
INGLÉS. CÓDIGO 54
The pencil is 150 years old
The pencil as we know it was 150 years old on Sunday 30th March. We can find pencils everywhere:
at school, at home, at the office, even on the golf course. Because they are so common we tend to take them for granted. Pencils are the most useful yet least appreciated writing instruments of all time: the world's only portable, lightweight invention that can draw a line 35 miles long, write an average (1) of 45,000 words, absorb 17 sharpenings and delete its own errors.
Modern pencils are the descendants of ancient (2) writing instruments. In ancient Rome, scribes wrote on papyrus (an early form of paper) with a thin (3) metal rod called a stylus, which left a light but readable mark. Other early styluses were made of lead*. Today we still call the core (4) of a pencil the "lead" even though it is made from non-toxic graphite.
Graphite came into widespread use following the discovery of a large graphite deposit in Borrowdale, England in 1564. Graphite left a darker mark than lead, but was so soft and breakable that it required a holder. At first, sticks of graphite were wrapped in string. Later, the graphite was inserted into wooden sticks and the wood-cased pencil was born.
The first mass-produced pencils were made in Nüremberg, Germany in 1662. There an active pencil industry developed with famous (5) companies like Faber-Castell established in 1761, Lyra, Staedtler and others growing throughout the 19th century industrial revolution.
Lead: a soft, grey and heavy metal.
PREGUNTAS (NO RESPONDER EN ESTA HOJA)
READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. BE CAREFUL TO FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR EACH QUESTION.
1. Link each of the words or expressions listed below with one word or expression in the column (as numbered in the text) [1 mark]. Please copy the correct pair of words on your answer sheet, e.g. ‘common and ...’
heart known mean narrow old
average (1) and … common
ancient (2) and …old
thin (3) and …narrow
core (4) and …heart
famous (5) and …known
2. Reading comprehension
2.1. Choose the best option [0.75 marks]. Please copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet.
Pencils are extremely useful and most appreciated writing instruments.
Pencils are the most useful and appreciated writing instruments in history.
Pencils are the most used and appreciated writing instruments of all time.
Pencils are very useful but little appreciated writing instruments.
2.2. Choose the best option [0.75 marks]. Please copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet.
Graphite is darker than lead, but lead is softer and more breakable than graphite.
Graphite writes darker than lead, and is also softer and more breakable than lead.
Graphite looks darker than lead, but lead is softer and more breakable than graphite.
Graphite leaves darker marks than lead, and is as soft and breakable as lead.
3. Complete the sentences using information from the text [2 marks]. It is important that phrases from the text are not reproduced literally, unless this is unavoidable.
a) At first, people started to use very simple gadgets to write.
b) The discovery of a large graphite deposit made it possible the widespred use of graphite
c) Famous companies like Faber-Castell were founded throughout the the 19th centrury
d) Nüremberg was the first town where pencils were produced massively.
4. Complete with one or more adequate words [1.5 marks]. Do not copy the complete text on your sheet, only the letter – (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) – followed by the word or words that you find suitable for the gap. It is important that phrases from the text are not reproduced literally.
Look at (a) the end of your pencil. Most wood pencils are (b) numbered and the most common pencil is the No. 2 pencil. The number 2 refers to (c) how hard and black the pencil graphite is. Back in the 1800s, pencil manufacturers used (d) letters instead of (e) numbers to describe the graphite. For example, an H pencil was hard, a B pencil was black and an F pencil had a fine point. An HB pencil as hard and black. Eventually, most pencil manufacturers got used to(f) using numbers to make it easier for people to understand.
5. From the information in the text, what are the main differences between graphite and lead? (25- 50 words) [2 marks] You are expected to draw information from the text, but please use your own words.
From the information given in the text we learn that lead is a toxic mineral whereas graphite is not. Graphite replaced lead to write on paper as it left a darker mark .
6. Which do you think are the reasons for the popularity of pencils as writing instruments? (25-50 words) [2 marks]. Express your own ideas by using your own words.
It´s so common to use a pencil since it has a lot of advantages. Firstly, A pencil stroke is erasable and thus correctable. Secondly, Pencil writing is environmentally friendly, since all materials used in manufacture are of "natural" origin. Moreover, wood is a renewable natural resource.
Besides, a pencil writes in/under water, in a vacuum and "upside down". Futhermore,
Pencil writing is absolutely non-toxic, because all ingredients used in manufacture consist of entirely safe substances (clay, graphite, wood, water-based lacquer). Last but not the least pencils are always "ready-to-write" and can even be sharpened with a knife and its
has always been consistently good over the years. (e.g. degrees of hardness).
BACHILLERATO LOGSE
Junio 2008
INGLÉS. CÓDIGO 54
The pencil is 150 years old
The pencil as we know it was 150 years old on Sunday 30th March. We can find pencils everywhere:
at school, at home, at the office, even on the golf course. Because they are so common we tend to take them for granted. Pencils are the most useful yet least appreciated writing instruments of all time: the world's only portable, lightweight invention that can draw a line 35 miles long, write an average (1) of 45,000 words, absorb 17 sharpenings and delete its own errors.
Modern pencils are the descendants of ancient (2) writing instruments. In ancient Rome, scribes wrote on papyrus (an early form of paper) with a thin (3) metal rod called a stylus, which left a light but readable mark. Other early styluses were made of lead*. Today we still call the core (4) of a pencil the "lead" even though it is made from non-toxic graphite.
Graphite came into widespread use following the discovery of a large graphite deposit in Borrowdale, England in 1564. Graphite left a darker mark than lead, but was so soft and breakable that it required a holder. At first, sticks of graphite were wrapped in string. Later, the graphite was inserted into wooden sticks and the wood-cased pencil was born.
The first mass-produced pencils were made in Nüremberg, Germany in 1662. There an active pencil industry developed with famous (5) companies like Faber-Castell established in 1761, Lyra, Staedtler and others growing throughout the 19th century industrial revolution.
Lead: a soft, grey and heavy metal.
PREGUNTAS (NO RESPONDER EN ESTA HOJA)
READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. BE CAREFUL TO FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR EACH QUESTION.
1. Link each of the words or expressions listed below with one word or expression in the column (as numbered in the text) [1 mark]. Please copy the correct pair of words on your answer sheet, e.g. ‘common and ...’
heart known mean narrow old
average (1) and … common
ancient (2) and …old
thin (3) and …narrow
core (4) and …heart
famous (5) and …known
2. Reading comprehension
2.1. Choose the best option [0.75 marks]. Please copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet.
Pencils are extremely useful and most appreciated writing instruments.
Pencils are the most useful and appreciated writing instruments in history.
Pencils are the most used and appreciated writing instruments of all time.
Pencils are very useful but little appreciated writing instruments.
2.2. Choose the best option [0.75 marks]. Please copy the complete correct option on your answer sheet.
Graphite is darker than lead, but lead is softer and more breakable than graphite.
Graphite writes darker than lead, and is also softer and more breakable than lead.
Graphite looks darker than lead, but lead is softer and more breakable than graphite.
Graphite leaves darker marks than lead, and is as soft and breakable as lead.
3. Complete the sentences using information from the text [2 marks]. It is important that phrases from the text are not reproduced literally, unless this is unavoidable.
a) At first, people started to use very simple gadgets to write.
b) The discovery of a large graphite deposit made it possible the widespred use of graphite
c) Famous companies like Faber-Castell were founded throughout the the 19th centrury
d) Nüremberg was the first town where pencils were produced massively.
4. Complete with one or more adequate words [1.5 marks]. Do not copy the complete text on your sheet, only the letter – (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) – followed by the word or words that you find suitable for the gap. It is important that phrases from the text are not reproduced literally.
Look at (a) the end of your pencil. Most wood pencils are (b) numbered and the most common pencil is the No. 2 pencil. The number 2 refers to (c) how hard and black the pencil graphite is. Back in the 1800s, pencil manufacturers used (d) letters instead of (e) numbers to describe the graphite. For example, an H pencil was hard, a B pencil was black and an F pencil had a fine point. An HB pencil as hard and black. Eventually, most pencil manufacturers got used to(f) using numbers to make it easier for people to understand.
5. From the information in the text, what are the main differences between graphite and lead? (25- 50 words) [2 marks] You are expected to draw information from the text, but please use your own words.
From the information given in the text we learn that lead is a toxic mineral whereas graphite is not. Graphite replaced lead to write on paper as it left a darker mark .
6. Which do you think are the reasons for the popularity of pencils as writing instruments? (25-50 words) [2 marks]. Express your own ideas by using your own words.
It´s so common to use a pencil since it has a lot of advantages. Firstly, A pencil stroke is erasable and thus correctable. Secondly, Pencil writing is environmentally friendly, since all materials used in manufacture are of "natural" origin. Moreover, wood is a renewable natural resource.
Besides, a pencil writes in/under water, in a vacuum and "upside down". Futhermore,
Pencil writing is absolutely non-toxic, because all ingredients used in manufacture consist of entirely safe substances (clay, graphite, wood, water-based lacquer). Last but not the least pencils are always "ready-to-write" and can even be sharpened with a knife and its
has always been consistently good over the years. (e.g. degrees of hardness).
lunes, 8 de marzo de 2010
8th march-March, IWD, International Women´s Day
1.ttp://www0.un.org/cyberschoolbus/womensday/pages/why_content.asp
2. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/3542511.stm
3. http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest12328-147626-8th-march-enter-tags-education-ppt-powerpoint/
4.http://www.isis.aust.com/iwd/stevens/firstiwd.htm
5. http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/women/womday97.htm
6.http://www.infoplease.com/spot/womensday1.html
7. http://portal.unesco.org/shs/en/ev.php-URL_ID=4008&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
8. http://www.indymedia.org/en/2004/03/110523.shtml
9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NRdA0ST4Zg (song- you tube)
10.http://youtubeukblog.blogspot.com/ (quite good)
11. http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/reading-international-women-day.php
12.http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-magazine-womens-day.htm
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